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[ P_z = V_z \times I_out = 12 \times 0.05 = 0.6W ] → use 1W Zener. 4. Efficiency Analysis Efficiency ( \eta = \fracP_outP_in ). Input power measured via wattmeter simulation.

Assuming full-wave, the RMS input current equals output DC current (approx). asaan converter

[ I_load \approx \fracV_in,RMS - V_zX_C ] [ P_z = V_z \times I_out = 12 \times 0

Parallel to C to discharge when unplugged: ( R_bleed = 1M\Omega ). asaan converter